Tired of treating your allergies with meds that only mask the symptoms? If you’re looking for a more permanent solution, two options likely top your list: allergy shots and allergy drops. Both aim to retrain your immune system and reduce your sensitivity to allergens, not just manage the symptoms. But they work in very different ways, and choosing the right one can feel overwhelming.
Here’s what you need to know about each option, how it works, its pros and cons, and how to choose which one best fits your needs.
What is Allergy Immunotherapy?
Allergy immunotherapy aims to desensitize your immune system to specific allergens by exposing you to gradually increasing doses. This process can lead to long-term relief from allergy symptoms. There are two main types:
- Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT): Commonly known as allergy shots, this method involves injections administered in a healthcare setting.
- Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT): Often referred to as allergy drops or tablets, this approach involves placing the allergen extract under the tongue.
Allergy Shots (SCIT)
Allergy shots are particularly popular among adults and older children. They do require frequent injections and doctor visits, though, so they’re less commonly used for younger children.
How They Work
Allergy shots involve injecting small amounts of allergens under the skin. The treatment typically follows two phases:
- Build-up Phase: Injections are given one to two times per week, with gradually increasing allergen doses, over three to six months.
- Maintenance Phase: Once the effective dose is reached, injections are administered every two to four weeks for three to five years.
This method has been used for over a century and is often the go-to choice for adults who don’t mind the frequent injections.
Effectiveness
This treatment is highly effective for treating allergic rhinitis, asthma, and insect sting allergies. Studies have shown that about 80% of patients experience significant improvement in their symptoms.
Pros and Cons
| Pros | Cons |
| Effective for a wide range of allergens. | Requires frequent clinic visits. |
| Long-term relief even after treatment ends. | Risk of systemic allergic reactions, though rare. |
| Can prevent the development of new allergies and asthma in children. | Not suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions. |
Allergy Drops (SLIT)
Allergy drops are a popular choice for people with busy schedules and children. Since they don’t require injections or frequent doctor visits, and instead can be taken at home, they’re incredibly convenient.
How They Work
SLIT involves placing a tablet or liquid containing allergen extracts under the tongue daily. The treatment can be self-administered at home, making it a convenient option for many.
In the U.S., the FDA has approved SLIT tablets for specific allergens like grass pollen, ragweed, and dust mites. However, SLIT drops are not FDA-approved and are considered off-label. This isn’t abnormal—one in five prescriptions written today are prescribed for off-label use.
Effectiveness
SLIT has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma. While it may be slightly less effective than SCIT, it still offers significant benefits, especially for those with mild to moderate allergies.
Many studies document this efficacy. For example, one study found that both SCIT and SLIT are highly effective in achieving an allergen-specific tolerance, offering clinical benefits an immunological changes that indicate such a tolerance.
Pros and Cons
| Pros | Cons |
| Convenient and can be taken at home | Limited to specific allergens |
| Lower risk of severe allergic reactions | Requires daily adherence |
| Suitable for children and needle-averse people | May not be covered by insurance |
SCIT vs. SLIT: How They Compare
| Feature | Allergy Shots (SCIT) | Allergy Drops (SLIT |
| Administration | Injections at a clinic | Oral drops or tablets at home |
| Frequency | Weekly to monthly | Daily |
| Duration | 3-5 years | 3-5 years |
| Effectiveness | High | Moderate to high |
| Allergen coverage | Broad | Limited, although the list is expanding |
| Side effects | Risk of systemic reactions | Mild local reactions, such as mouth itching |
| Insurance coverage | Generally covered | May not be covered |
Making the Right Choice
The right option for your needs depends on multiple factors, including:
- Allergen Type: If you’re allergic to multiple allergens, SCIT may be more appropriate due to its broader coverage.
- Convenience: SLIT offers the flexibility of home administration, which can be beneficial for those with busy schedules.
- Age and Medical Conditions: SLIT is often preferred for children and individuals with certain medical conditions that make injections risky.
- Insurance and Cost: Consider your insurance coverage and out-of-pocket costs, as SLIT may not be covered.
As with any treatment, it’s best to consult with a skilled medical provider. Chat with an allergist to determine the most suitable treatment based on your specific allergies, lifestyle, and medical history.
The Bottom Line on Allergy Drops vs. Shots
Both allergy shots and drops are effective immunotherapy options for managing allergies. While SCIT offers a broader range of allergen coverage and is highly effective, SLIT provides a convenient, needle-free alternative with a favorable safety profile. Discuss with your healthcare provider to choose the best approach tailored to your needs.